In prototyping and small-batch production, 3D printing and CNC machining are the two most commonly used methods. However, as they represent two entirely different manufacturing approaches—one being additive manufacturing and the other a subtractive process—

Abstract: Thanks to their high strength, corrosion resistance and lightweight properties, titanium alloys are becoming a favourite in the 3C industry, driving innovative design in smart consumer electronics. With the rapid advancement of technology and consumers’ growing reliance on smart consumer electronics,