What is a 5-axis machine? Understanding the structural characteristics of 5-axis machine tools. Classification and working principle

I.5-axis machineStructural features and working principle

1. 5-axis has this definition, a machine tool, there are at least five coordinates, which are three linear coordinates, there are two rotary coordinates, that is, five axes.

2. 5-axis machining characteristics:

1. It can achieve multi-face and multi-directional machining operations under one clamping, so as to improve the machining accuracy of the parts and increase its machining efficiency.

2. The attitude of the tool and the workpiece can be changed according to the state of the workpiece. The angle can be adjusted at any time, so it is possible to process all kinds of complex parts.

3. Prevents tool interference, overcutting and undercutting (for 3-axis tools the available time is relatively short).

Difference between 5-axis and 3-axis: 5-axis differs from 3-axis by two more rotary axes.

How is the Z-axis determined? It is the direction indicated by the spindle axis of the machine tool, or the vertical direction presented by the table on which the workpiece is clamped, which is the Z-axis.

The X-axis is determined in such a way that there exists a horizontal plane parallel to the mounting surface of the workpiece, or within the horizontal plane, the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the workpiece is to be selected as the X-axis, and the direction away from the axis of the spindle is specified as the positive direction.

3. Linear coordinates X-axis Y-axis Z-axis Rotary coordinates A-axis, B-axis, C-axis

A-axis: rotate around X-axis as A-axis

The axis formed by rotation around the Y-axis is the B-axis, and movement of the B-axis affects the C-axis. There is a travel limit for the B-axis, which is typically -5 degrees to 110 degrees, and the B-axis is generally referred to as the fourth axis!

C-axis: rotate around Z-axis as C-axis

The form is divided into three types of 5-axis, namely, XYZ plus A and B, XYZ plus A and C, and XYZ plus B and C.

Tan Jia five-axis A + C axis preparation video mentioned XYZ + A + C, which involves high-precision machining, as well as five-axis precision machining, the cow did really beautiful.

As shown in the picture, there is XYZ+B+C (see “4-5 Axis Pictures” for more pictures), which is a double pendulum!

The XYZ+A+B form is shown in the diagram: (the B-axis rotates around the Y-axis!)

4.5-axis according to the spindle position relationship is divided into two categories, respectively, the kind of horizontal, horizontal video can be viewed: 1_Skillful horizontal five-axis CNC machine tool machining video, if you like it, please collect, and the kind of vertical, vertical is relatively common.

5.5-axis according to the relationship between the rotary spindle and linear motion to determine the structural form of five-axis linkage:

1. Double rotary table (A+B for example). See picture above!

A rotary table in the B axis is superimposed on another rotary table in the A axis, along with small turbines, and impellers, and small compact moulds.

2. A moment to turn a little, a moment to swing a little, it is divided into the form of A plus B, B and then C. It has good rigidity, has a high degree of precision, and is generally called the cradle type!

As shown in the picture: B+C form! (The spindle can be rotated along the Y-axis)

3. Double pendulum head, the table area is large, with greater strength, suitable for processing large workpieces, which is gantry type, and those parts of the rotation are all in the head side! As shown in the picture:

6. Rotation range of structures with 5-axis linkage:

There is a double-rotation rotary table with one rotation range of three hundred and sixty degrees in the B direction from plus twenty A to minus one hundred, and another rotation range of three hundred and sixty degrees in the C direction from plus thirty A to minus one hundred and twenty.

One rotation and one swing, the rotation is plus thirty B minus one hundred and twenty, C is three hundred and sixty.

The double pendulum head, which rotates from plus ninety degrees to minus ninety degrees in a three hundred and sixty degree cycle, and from plus thirty degrees to minus one hundred and twenty degrees in a three hundred and sixty degree cycle.

There are explanations of non-orthogonal machine tools, which means that the axis of rotation is not the kind that exhibits an orthogonal relationship with the XYZ axis, but is typically achieved by a diagonal axis. There are also videos of typical machine tools, like 5-axis machine tools and 1_German Gold Medal in Machining, a 5-axis linkage of a precision CNC non-orthogonal 5-axis machine.

As shown in the figure below: It is also a type of non-orthogonal machine tool!

There is no difference between programming an orthogonal machine and programming a non-orthogonal machine, however, the difference is in the post-processing!

***** So what do you mean by real and fake 5-axis?

This has to start from two aspects, one, the machine tool must have the ability to five-axis linkage, a lot of machine tools can not do five-axis linkage, only to achieve 3 + 2, 4 + 1 and other movements. This point should be highlighted is that a large number of domestic assembly of machine tools to Mitsubishi, Frank and other systems, but the Japanese system for five-axis linkage of this component is not open to the mainland side, so as long as the domestic assembly of the five-axis machine using the Mitsubishi, Frank system, that can not achieve five-axis linkage. The current assembly machine can achieve five-axis linkage of the common system is the island of Taiwan's new generation of systems, Bao Yuan system. That machine tool must be new, must be within the past two years, and require the opening of the five-axis five-axis linkage function it!

What is meant by the RTCP function? (Watch the “Blade Tip Follow” video!)

In fact, the meaning of the expression is the kind of tip tracking (can be understood as tip following). However, a lot of domestic machine tools nowadays also step by step achieve such a function. In the process of machining, the tool always follows the cutting point on the workpiece!

So is 5-axis programming hard to learn?

Learning 5-axis presupposes familiarity with 3-axis. A foundation in software modelling is necessary for this!

Firstly, 5-axis is more difficult, the water is deeper, it is hard to learn without foundation.

Secondly, there is no hands-on experience with 5-axis machines. Learning about 5-axis is not extensive, but the technical aspects are relatively high, and it is more important to gain experience by actually operating the machine.

A detailed introduction to 5-axis machine tools, going over the new generation 220MA-5 5-axis 5-link system, with an introductory sentence about it in the introduction.