in modern timesprecision manufacturingWithin the scope of CNC aluminium machining, relying on the lightweight characteristics of aluminium alloys, also relying on the nature of high thermal conductivity, and relying on the characteristics of the ability to easily cut, as well as the unique advantages of corrosion resistance, so as to become the core of the aerospace field of machining processes, become the scope of the automotive manufacturing core of the machining process, become the core of the electronics and communications industry core of the process, become the core of the field of medical equipment core of the processing process It has become the core machining process in the automation equipment industry. Compared with the traditional manual processing, as well as ordinary machine tool processing, CNC numerical control machining with the help of computer programs, precise control of tool trajectory, as well as cutting speed, as well as feed and other core parameters, to achieve aluminium from the blank to the finished product of high-precision, as well as high-efficiency, as well as the batch forming, which can meet the conventional structural components of the machining needs, but also to match the complex curved surfaces, as well as thin-walled parts, as well as high-precision profiles of the strict tolerance requirements, is the core of the automotive industry. It is one of the most widely used and technologically mature processes in metal precision machining.
I. Basic Definition and Core Advantages of CNC Aluminium Machining
CNC aluminium machining, known as computer numerical control aluminium machining, it is to aluminium alloy profiles, bars, plates, forgings as raw materials, with the help of CNC machining centres, CNC lathes, drilling and tapping centres and other numerical control equipment, with the pre-set G-code, M-code program to automatically complete a series of cutting processes such as milling, turning, drilling, tapping, boring, grooving, chamfering, etc., and ultimately obtain a series of cutting process in line with the drawing dimensional tolerances and surface quality requirements. Drawing size tolerance, shape and position tolerance and surface quality requirements of aluminium parts of a processing method.
The characteristics possessed by the aluminium alloy's own material make CNC aluminium machining have three core technical advantages that are determined by it:
1, aluminium alloy, its low hardness and good ductility, resulting in cutting resistance compared to steel is much smaller, can be adapted to the kind of high speed, fast feed high-speed machining mode, cutting processing speed can be up to 3 to 4 times that of steel, which will significantly shorten the processing cycle, showing the characteristics of processing efficiency is quite high.
2, precision, controllability performance is outstanding, with high-precision CNC equipment and optimisation process, the conventional dimensional tolerance can be controlled within the range of plus or minus 0.01 mm, the surface roughness can reach Ra0.4 to 0.8 μm, to meet the demand for precision parts assembly.
3, this situation applies to a wide range of common aluminium alloy grades, such as 6061 - T6, with 7075 - T6, with 5052, with 2024, etc., these grades can be reached through CNC machining of different properties of the customized production of parts, so that the structural strength, lightweight, and corrosion resistance to be able to We are able to produce customised parts with different properties through CNC machining.
Second, the core process of CNC aluminium machining
1、Pre-preparation: drawing analysis and programming modelling
This is an important part of the machining process, in which the technicians disassemble the 2D drawings or 3D models given to them by the customer, in order to define the dimensions of the parts, their tolerance levels, the surface requirements, the machining datums, and the special process requirements, as well as to differentiate between roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing allowances.
2、Blank preparation and clamping fixed
According to the size of the parts, cut out suitable aluminium alloy blanks, remove the surface of the oxide skin, burrs, to ensure that the flatness of the blanks can be guaranteed. Clamping is the key to control the deformation of the aluminium parts of the core of this matter, for conventional parts, the use of vise, platen clamping; and thin-walled parts, shaped parts, the need to use a vacuum fixture, soft jaws, special jigs and fixtures, so as to reduce the clamping stress, to prevent warping and deformation in the cutting process.
3、Roughing：Rapid removal of excess margins
The key purpose of roughing is to efficiently remove most of the excess material from the blank and to quickly create a rough outline of the part without the need for high precision, but with an emphasis on ensuring efficient machining.
4、Semi-finishing and finishing: the core link of precision moulding
First semi-finishing, which is mainly to correct the size error left by roughing, but also to further optimize the contour shape, and reserve 0.1 to 0.3mm of finishing allowance; and then carry out finishing, which is the key to achieve the final size of the parts, surface quality, need to use “high speed, small depth of cut, slow feed”. It is necessary to use "high speed, small depth of cut, slow feed" high-speed light cutting strategy, the use of diamond-coated or sharp carbide cutting tools, precise control of cutting parameters, so as to ensure that the dimensional tolerances, shape and positional tolerances can meet the standards.
5、Post-processing and quality testing
After the completion of processing, the aluminium parts for deburring operations, chamfering treatment, but also need to be cleaned, in order to remove the cutting fluid residues and aluminium chips; according to the demand for the implementation of anodic oxidation process, sandblasting, drawing operations, the implementation of hard oxidation and other surface treatments to enhance its wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and enhance the appearance of the texture.
Third, CNC aluminium parts processing industry applications and technology development trend
When the precision manufacturing industry to achieve upgrading, CNC aluminium machining applications in the continuous expansion of the scene, in the aerospace field, it is used for aircraft brackets, structural components and cabin parts, the pursuit of lightweight and high strength in this field, in the automotive field, it is used for engine parts, new energy vehicles, battery shells, as well as chassis structural components, the field of the balance between weight reduction and safety, in the field of electronic communications, it is used for mobile phone frames, radiators and communication equipment shells, this field requires high precision and beautiful appearance. In the field of electronic communication, it is used in mobile phone frames, heat sinks and communication equipment shells, which requires high precision and beautiful appearance, in the field of medical equipment, it is used in surgical instrument parts, instrument shells, which focuses on environmental protection, burr-free and high precision.
In terms of technology, CNC aluminium machining is moving towards the direction of high-speed development, towards the direction of high-precision development, towards the direction of intelligent development, towards the direction of automation, the popularity of five-axis linkage machining centres, to achieve the complex shaped parts of a molding, automated production lines with robotic loading and unloading, to improve the efficiency of the batch production, the application of online testing technology, to achieve the processing of real-time precision regulation and control. The application of on-line inspection technology achieves real-time precision control of the machining process and further reduces the tolerance range.
CNC aluminium machining is a comprehensive precision technology that combines material properties, CNC programming, process optimization, quality control, and every aspect of technical control has a direct impact on the quality of the finished product. As the industry technology continues to iterate, CNC aluminium machining will play a more important role in the field of precision manufacturing, to adapt to the needs of more high-end manufacturing scenarios.
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