Abstract: Spherical storage tanks are one of the most commonly used pressure vessels for storing various gases and liquefied gases, and are widely employed in the petroleum, chemical, metallurgical and urban gas supply sectors.

In the field of materials science and engineering, Q345R is a widely used low-alloy high-strength structural steel, and the qualification of its welding procedures is a crucial step in ensuring the safe operation of critical equipment such as pressure vessels and pipelines.