焊接工艺评定（PQR）是验证焊接工艺可行性的关键环节，它通过标准化试验和严格检测，确保焊接接头满足设计要求，是保障设备安全、提升产品质量的核心步骤。

Abstract: Spherical storage tanks are one of the most commonly used pressure vessels for storing various gases and liquefied gases, and are widely employed in the petroleum, chemical, metallurgical and urban gas supply sectors.

In the field of materials science and engineering, Q345R is a widely used low-alloy high-strength structural steel, and the qualification of its welding procedures is a crucial step in ensuring the safe operation of critical equipment such as pressure vessels and pipelines.