Industrial photogrammetry is one of the more popular non-contact, wide-area scene measurement techniques today, with relatively mature technology development and a wide range of applications.

Five-axis machining centre, as the cutting-edge equipment of modern manufacturing industry, has become an indispensable and important tool in the fields of aviation, aerospace, military, scientific research and precision instruments with its high precision, high efficiency machining capability and ability to handle complex surfaces.

I. The Transformation of Welding Technology in the Industry 4.0 Era As the cornerstone of smart manufacturing, Industry 4.0 is propelling the manufacturing sector into a new era of digitalisation and intelligentisation through the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics and robotics.