[Practical Tips] Welding Sequence for Ship Hull Structures

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General Principles of Welding

2. 在装配期间, Hull Structure部件或者分段需要维持尺寸精准无误, 装配而成的间隙要均匀一致。要是部件或者分段不符合图纸、标准以及工艺所提出的要求, 那么焊接工作是不能够开展的。

3. 当对一船体结构实施焊接操作时, 总体的情况是, 应当依照从中央朝着左右、前后的次序来开展。对于具备对称结构的情形, 应由双数的焊工同时开展对称的焊接工作。

4. 于一条焊缝开展焊接操作之时, 需依据焊缝在船体结构里所占据的位置, 从靠近结构中央的那一端朝着结构边缘的那一端进行施焊工作, 或者是从焊缝的中点朝着两端展开施焊。

5. 如遇手工焊、CO2焊来焊接较长焊缝, 其中SMAW要求长度大于1m, CO2焊要求长度大于2m, 此时应采用分段退焊法, 或分中分段退焊法, 又或者是跳焊法, 具体可参照图1所示。当进行立向下焊接时, 则需采用直通焊。

Figure 1: The back-welding method and the skip-welding methodWelding sequence

1.多层进行焊接的时候, 每一层焊道的焊接所涉及的方向应当保持一致, 然而各层之间的焊接方向是能够相反的。焊道的接头需要相互错开, 错开的距离不能小于30mm。

Hull Construction各阶段的焊接顺序

1. Panel assembly

进行板列拼板焊接之际, 依据板缝的排列情形, 能够按照图2(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)来开展。

Figure 2: Welding sequence for column plate assemblies

2. Hull components

桁材在船体内部, 肋骨也在船体内部, 构架同样在船体内部, 平板也处于船体内部, 它们之间的焊接顺序, 要符合下面这些要求:

a) 结构当中同时有对接以及角接焊缝存在的时候, 应当首先焊接对接焊缝, 之后再焊接角接焊缝, 具体的顺序可以参见图3(a)、(b)。

b) 当结构里头同时有立角焊缝和平角焊缝存在之际, 要最先焊接立角焊缝, 随后再焊接平角焊缝, 具体的顺序可以去查看图3(c)。

Figure 3: Welding sequence for internal components

3. Plan components (sections)

3.1 Where components require butt welding, this should be carried out in advance.

3.2板跟各构件之间角焊缝的焊接顺序, 示例展示在图4(a)、(b)之中, 在这当中, 图4(a)适用于对称结构。

3.3, 要是角焊缝的端部处在分段的合拢边, 那么在该段部得留出大概200mm的长度先不进行焊接, 等到合拢的时候再去焊接, 就如同图4(c)显示的那样。

Figure 4: Welding sequence for fillet welds

4. Three-dimensional segmented production

4.1 Typical Sequence

a) 按照3这个要求, 于平面组件制作环节里, 预先去完成甲板、外底板、纵骨之间的角焊缝的焊接操作。

b) 纵桁、肋板以及内底板平面组件定位焊完成以后, 依照图5(a)显示的顺序, 由双数焊工开展对称焊接作业, 针对1(1) ─ 2(2) ─ 3(3) ─ 4(4)…区内纵桁、纵骨和肋板之间的立角焊缝进行焊接。

c) 上述立角焊缝完成以后, 按照图5(b)所展示的顺序以及方向 , 由双数焊工对称去焊接1(1) ─ 2(2) ─ 3(3) ─4(4)…区内纵桁、肋板跟底板间的平角焊缝。不过位于分段合拢边的角焊缝端部要留出200mm的长度暂时不进行焊接, 等到船台合拢的时候再去焊接, 正如如图4(c)所显示的那样。

d) 外底板平面组件, 在与舭板完成定位焊之后, 去焊接外板跟舭板之间的对称焊缝。

e) 呈分段状进行翻身操作, 在上述所提及的对接工作完成之后, 开展焊接纵桁、肋板以及外板之间的平角焊缝这一工作, 其顺序方面的要求和(c)是一样的。

Figure 5: Welding sequence for segmented fillet welds

4.2 Penetration points

As shown in Figure 6(a), weld in the following order:

① Butt welds between welding patches;

② Fillet welds between the reinforcement and the patch plate;

③ Weld the fillet joints between the patch plate, the stiffener plate and the base plate.

For items ② and ③, the visible side shown in the diagram should be welded first.

As shown in Figure 6(b), start by soldering the visible side shown in the diagram; solder both sides in the following order:

① Fillet welds between the reinforcement bars and the web plates;

② Fillet welds between the reinforcement and the patch plate;

③ Weld the fillet weld between the patch plate and the rib plate.

Figure 6: Welding sequence for through-bolts

5. Final assembly of the slipway

5.1 General Welding Sequence

大合拢于船台之时, 船当中各总段之间的原则焊接先后顺序是, 起始自基准段, 朝着艏以及艉这两个方向逐个依次开展。于图7所展示的示例里面, 序号1、2、3、…、12是原则合拢的顺序, 这个顺序是不被允许进行跨越的。

Once the sectioned slipway has been hoisted into place, welding should be carried out as soon as possible; it is not permissible to hoist it into place without subsequently welding it.

Figure 7: Hull assembly welding sequence

5.2 Longitudinal closure joints

5.3 Transverse contraction joints

要按照图8之中, 从①到达②, 接着到③, 随后再到④这样的顺序, 去完成相邻总段之间的合拢焊接工作。不过, 那些各个横向的合拢缝, 应该是要在跟它相交的纵向合拢缝完成了之后, 才可以进行焊接。

Figure 8: Typical closing weld sequence

5.4 Joints between structural members

As shown in Figure 9, the welding sequence is as follows:

① Butt jointing of panels;

② Joining of components;

③ Fillet welds between members and slabs.

Figure 9: Welding sequence for the joint seam

6. Process holes

如图10所示的各种工艺孔的焊接先后顺序, 原图第那1幅图左边的数字3, 被本平台修改成了是1。

Figure 10: Welding sequence for process holes